Wikipedia
"Four part
chorale writing is used to teach and analyze the basic
conventions of Common-Practice Period music. In the German musicology
tradition referred to as functional harmony. Johann Sebastian Bach's
four voice chorales written for liturgical purposes serve as a model
for students. These chorales exhibit a fusion of linear and vertical
thinking. In analysis, the harmonic function and rhythm are analyzed as
well as the shape and implications of each of the four lines. Students
are then instructed to compose chorales, often using given melodies (as
Bach would have done), over a given bass line, or to compose within a
chord progression, following rules of voice
leading."
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